2026-10-09
Paper A: how battery power works on the airport ramp. Map the eGSE fleet - electric baggage tractors, belt loaders and battery ground power units - and the governing standards (EN 1915, EN 12312). Walk a turnaround duty cycle from drawbar-pull and inching peaks to standby, then the aircraft interface (28.5 VDC, 115/200 V 400 Hz); compare lead-acid, lithium and NiMH on pulse delivery, cold-ramp performance, cycle life and safety; and see why an aqueous NiMH pack is a qualified ramp alternative.